Port security often makes use of drones and unmanned systems to address evolving threats and operational challenges. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) may all be deployed by a port authority, port security unit (PSUs), or port authority police to protect critical maritime infrastructure.
Counter UAS (C UAS) systems have also become a critical element of modern port security, providing PSUs with advanced methods to detect, deter, and mitigate unauthorized drone activity. These technologies work collectively to prevent smuggling, unauthorized access, and disruptions while enhancing situational awareness.
Table of contents:
UAVs & Drones for Port Security
UAVs provide a national port authority with real-time surveillance of large environments, offering capabilities that are often more efficient and rapidly deployable than traditional security cameras or PSUs on patrol. These systems are particularly effective in detecting unauthorized access, monitoring restricted areas, and addressing threats such as smuggling or sabotage.
Drone-Based Port Surveillance
Drone surveillance systems for port authority security utilize high-resolution imaging, thermal cameras, and AI and computer vision-powered analytics to deliver actionable intelligence. Autonomous drone technologies and drone-in-a-box systems are capable of continuous perimeter monitoring, providing a port security unit with real-time updates about suspicious activity. UAV perimeter monitoring systems can patrol areas that are difficult or unsafe for humans to access, ensuring comprehensive coverage without gaps in port security.
Khronos Drone-in-a-Box Solution for Port Security by Elistair
In addition to surveillance, drones are used for rapid response in emergencies. For instance, in situations involving unauthorized access or suspected smuggling, UAVs can be deployed to keep track of individuals or vehicles until on-ground teams arrive. Drones equipped with loudspeakers and spotlights can also serve as a deterrent, warning intruders before they breach critical areas.
Advanced drone technology is also used for cargo inspection, scanning shipping containers and monitoring loading and unloading operations for evidence of illicit activities such as smuggling of contraband or unauthorized cargo.
Importance of UUVs, ROVs, and AUVs for a Port Authority
Underwater unmanned systems such as ROVs and AUVs are used for monitoring and safeguarding port infrastructure below the surface. A national port authority may rely on these robotic systems to detect threats such as unauthorized divers, smuggling via underwater routes, and sabotage of underwater structures like piers and pipelines.
Mission Specialist Defender ROV by VideoRay
ROVs
Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are highly effective tools for inspecting underwater assets. They can be equipped with high-definition cameras, sonar systems, and manipulators for inspecting and maintaining port infrastructure. ROVs can identify structural issues, locate hidden contraband, and survey submerged areas for any suspicious objects or activities.
A9-E AUV for Port Security by Exail
AUVs
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) offer autonomous underwater surveillance, making them invaluable for long-term monitoring or patrolling. These systems can be programmed to follow specific routes or conduct detailed surveys, allowing port authorities to detect anomalies or potential threats such as underwater mines or unauthorized UUVs attempting to access restricted zones.
UUVs
Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) can also be utilized for counter-smuggling operations. By scanning the seafloor, hulls of vessels, or cargo areas, they can uncover hidden compartments or contraband that might otherwise go undetected. UUVs are also crucial in detecting and neutralizing rogue underwater robotic systems, as well as explosive threats.
Counter UAS & Drone Countermeasures for Port Security
Unauthorized drones can compromise security by conducting surveillance, smuggling contraband, or interfering with operations, prompting a response from port police. Counter UAS (C UAS) systems and other drone countermeasures can play an essential role in port security, offering advanced tools to detect, track, and neutralize rogue drones. These may take the form of fixed sensor networks as well as portable systems such as a wearable drone detector, anti drone weapons (such as an anti drone rifle), or other counter drone technologies in drone defense systems.
IF1200 Port Security Drone by Inspired Flight
Counter UAS solutions may rely on multiple technologies, including radar, radio frequency (RF) sensors, and optical systems, to provide a multilayered approach that can detect, identify, and track unauthorized UAVs within the vicinity of port facilities. These systems may need to be capable of distinguishing between authorized and unauthorized drones in order to ensure minimal disruption to legitimate operations.
Once a threat is identified, countermeasures may be deployed, including jamming devices, net launchers, kinetic countermeasures, and interceptor UAS. Non-destructive methods may be preferred in order to ensure maximum safety and to preserve evidence for investigation.
Drone mitigation solutions may be integrated into broader security frameworks, enabling a port security unit to coordinate responses effectively. By combining drone detection with rapid response capabilities, a port military can neutralize threats before they escalate, ensuring uninterrupted operations and safeguarding sensitive infrastructure.
Applications of Unmanned Systems for PSUs
Smuggling Prevention
UAVs equipped with advanced sensors can monitor cargo areas, detect unauthorized activity, and track suspected smugglers. Similarly, UUVs and ROVs can inspect ship hulls and underwater areas for hidden contraband. The ability to deploy these systems quickly and repeatedly ensures that port security services stay ahead of increasingly sophisticated smuggling techniques.
Perimeter Monitoring and Unauthorized Access
UAV perimeter monitoring for ports can provide 24/7 surveillance in order to mitigate the risk of unauthorized access. Automated drones patrol restricted zones and alert security teams to potential breaches, ensuring a swift response. Counter UAS systems also protect against drones attempting to bypass physical security measures.
Infrastructure Protection
Ports rely on underwater infrastructure, including piers, pipelines, and mooring systems, which require constant monitoring to ensure structural integrity and security. ROVs and AUVs play a critical role in inspecting these assets, detecting damage, and identifying tampering or sabotage. This proactive approach reduces downtime and minimizes the risk of operational disruptions.
Gavia AUV for Port Security by Teledyne Marine
Situational Awareness
The integration of UAVs, UUVs, and Counter UAS systems enhances situational awareness across port environments. Real-time data from these systems may be processed using AI-driven platforms, providing actionable insights to security teams. This capability allows port security units to respond quickly to emerging threats, allocate resources efficiently, and maintain robust security.
