Urban Aeronautics has announced that its Cormorant Unmanned Air vehicle (UAV) prototype has performed its first autonomous pattern flight including low flight over uneven terrain.
While pattern flights are routine for conventional fixed wing aircraft and rotorcraft, it is a significant milestone in the evolution of an entirely new family of Urban’s proprietary technology aircraft known as fancraft. Unlike other (manned and unmanned) aircraft, the Cormorant’s autopilot relies primarily on inertial and ground reference, which is more complex than flying through open, unobstructed airspace. This event begins to demonstrate the Cormorant’s capability to operate close to the ground and inside obstructed terrain.
Watch the video:
Urban Aeronautics founder Rafi Yoeli commented, “This flight paves the way forward for the immediate evolution of Cormorant from prototype to near-term production and ultimately commercialization of this groundbreaking technology – for broad applications and markets. This is the most exciting time in the Company’s history and we look forward to accelerating our progress now that the technology is fully proven.”
Building on the success of this first pattern flight, upcoming flights will test ongoing development to improve the smoothness of transitions through the various flight modes (takeoff, climb, acceleration, cruise, deceleration, descent, turns, hover and touchdown), in addition to increasing speed and maneuverability.
Data from numerous sensors including two laser altimeters, a radar altimeter, inertial sensors, and an electro-optic payload camera are the foundation of the aircraft’s Flight Control System (FCS). In the future, obstacle avoidance sensors will also be installed. Based on the integrated data collected from the various sensor inputs, the Flight Management System (FMS) must “make a judgment” whether any momentary erroneous or inaccurate data from any individual sensor will or will not cause large deviations from the flight path. This amounts to a split second decision on whether to continue the mission, return home or make an immediate landing until further instructions. The challenge in designing and testing an FMS for such a configuration is analogous to a novice pilot attempting to fly for the first time with an understanding of basic aerodynamic principles but no instructor.
As can be seen in the video, on this first ever autonomous pattern flight, there were three events where the FMS corrected itself in response to unexpected events. Two instances were related to height above ground over the field (resulting from inaccuracies in laser beam return over uneven terrain and ground conditions). The third event is seen over the tarmac, caused by “poor judgement” on the part of the FCS, causing the aircraft to descend too early in its landing approach. While the FCS was “learning” to fly the aircraft through the various pattern maneuvers, the FMS was continuously monitoring the level of safety, and making judgements regarding if and when to intervene.
