UXV Technologies, a developer of ground control stations (GCS) and handheld controllers for UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), UGVs (unmanned ground vehicles) and UUVs (unmanned underwater vehicles), has released the following article detailing some considerations to be made before purchasing an unmanned vehicle GCS.
Ground control stations come in many shapes and sizes, and the price can differ significantly. Before initiating the design and purchase of a ground control station, it is important to define your “need to have” and “nice to have” requirements. These are impacted by the operations for which the ground control station is being used, and the capabilities of the unit being controlled.
Operational environments & conditions
The operational environment and conditions are important factors to take into consideration before designing and purchasing a ground control station. The environmental conditions are important because they directly affect the performance of the operation, the reliability of the equipment, and how efficient the remote workers are.
Some key elements to consider include:
Day/night time operations – Operations in dark environments might require special attention and an NVG-compatible ground control station. This allows the equipment to be used while wearing a night vision device such as night vision goggles.
Operations in environments with radio disturbances – Radio disturbances can impact the operation in various ways, such as limiting the range of the video/communication link and thereby affecting the quality of output and the reliability of the operation. Radio disturbance risks can be reduced by choosing the right communication equipment.
Operations where other equipment can be impacted by the electromagnetic disturbances caused by the GCS – Choosing or designing a ground control station that is EMC compliant ensures that components do not influence the electromagnetic environment to the extent that the functions of other devices and systems are affected.
Operations over longer time spans
Long-duration operations introduce various requirements for the GCS. Battery requirements should be carefully investigated, and can be met by choosing a GCS with an extended battery capacity or the ability to “hot-swap” battery modules without interrupting the operation. Another key parameter for long-duration operations is the ergonomics of the GCS – a carefully designed system can significantly improve operator efficiency and satisfaction. Considerations here include weight and physical dimensions.
Monitor requirements
Most operators initially want a very large screen since it generally improves the ease of use. However, the choice of screen size should be carefully considered as it can directly impacts the operation. The screen size can be affected by factors such as the software being used, the use-case and requirements for portability, and ergonomics.
Most modern GCS software suites work very well on smaller screens, especially if additional tools such as pointers are being used. Besides the size and dimensions of the screen, most operations require sunlight readability and so this is also an important requirement to evaluate.
Joysticks, button and switches
The choices of buttons and switches and their layout should be carefully considered, since they impact the operator performance, ease of use, and the security of the operation. Buttons, switches, and joysticks come in many different shapes and sizes, all directly related to their purpose.
Standard GCS platforms often do not offer customization of the layout, however for custom GCS solutions the buttons, switches and joysticks can often be chosen and customized based on the operator needs. This enables more advanced use cases such as protection of specific functionality with the use of safety switches and ensuring operator efficiency by adding extra joysticks.
Setup time
Setup time can be a relevant factor for efficient operations. The setup time refers to the time it takes to set up all the equipment needed in order to initiate an operation. In many cases this time has an impact on the security of the operator and the results of the operation. A shorter setup time can be obtained by using integrated solutions which directly limit the amount of equipment that needs to be prepared before starting the operation. Simple GCS platforms can also limit the operator stress and reduce the risk of mistakes during the setup.
Operating systems
Ground control stations come in various shapes and sizes. Some offer full-functional operating systems (OS) and some only offer joysticks and buttons. The advantage of running an integrated operating system inside the GCS is often improved operator performance. This enables more advanced control of the unit being operated and generally improves the operator stress by tailoring the software applications to be more user-friendly and efficient.
Serviceability
Running an efficient operation often requires a high level of serviceability. This includes the option of purchasing spare parts and the ability to get the ground control station repaired or serviced regularly or in the case of damage. Designing a remote controlled solution using a ground control station consisting of components/parts that are no longer produced can pose a major risk.
Compliance
Integrators or users of ground control stations may need to meet compliance requirements when delivering products or services to certain markets. Therefore it can be relevant to consider the GCS’s compliance in terms of NDAA, ITAR, or standards such as MIL-810G.
Platform Security
Security is a crucial factor for many types of remote controlled vehicles. Security risks can come in many variations including hijacking of the equipment, jamming, availability of the GCS, risk of data-loss and data leaks. These individual risks can be reduced by using various types of technology such as communication encryption, updated platform software and by enforcing enterprise cybersecurity policies. Many organizations must deal with stricter security measures such as control of the vendors/countries producing the parts of the GCS.
Integrations
For advanced use-cases it is often required to run software on the ground control station, making sure that it can be integrated in order to receive input from buttons, switches, and other types of input devices. Integrators must therefore consider which integration methods are possible for the specific GCS. A key consideration is whether the GCS supports the HID interface, which is a standard protocol for integrating input devices with software in Windows/Linux.
Another integration method is by using an API, which documents and manages how the software can integrate with the GCS.
It can also be beneficial to integrate the GCS using hardware modules, which can be connected using various methods such as USB, COM port, or other docking methods.
